3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum

Jan. 02, 2025

The main differences between 3104 and 3105 H19 alloys lie in their mechanical property consistency, strength, and electrical conductivity. Therefore, the choice of alloy depends on the specific application requirements.

Comparison Table of 3104 Aluminum Alloy vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy

Properties	3104 Aluminum Alloy	3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy
Alloy Type	Aluminum-Manganese alloy	Aluminum-Manganese alloy (H19 state: Cold-work hardened)
Main Elements	Aluminum, Manganese, Silicon, Copper, etc.	Aluminum, Manganese, Silicon, etc. (Similar to 3104)
Mechanical Properties	Good formability and ductility, but tensile strength and elongation rate can vary	Higher strength and consistency, more stable tensile strength and ductility
Tensile Strength	About 200-250 MPa	Higher, typically greater than 250 MPa
Elongation at Break	Relatively high, typically in the range of 10-20%, but variable	More consistent, typically in the range of 3-5%
Electrical Conductivity	Relatively low	Slightly higher, better electrical conductivity
Thermal Conductivity	Relatively low	Slightly higher, better thermal conductivity
Formability	Excellent, suitable for deep drawing and complex forming operations	Slightly lower, suitable for forming operations requiring higher strength and stability
Corrosion Resistance	Good	Good
Applications	Beverage cans, packaging, automotive, construction, etc.	Beverage cans, packaging, automotive, roofing panels, construction, etc.
Key Advantages	Good formability and corrosion resistance, suitable for applications with variable demands	Consistent mechanical properties, higher strength and electrical conductivity, suitable for high-strength applications

3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy Composition and Properties

Both 3104 and 3105-H19 aluminum alloys are commonly used in the manufacture of beverage cans, packaging materials, roofing, and wall panels. They have similar chemical compositions and both belong to the aluminum-manganese alloy group, which provides excellent corrosion resistance. The main differences between them lie in the processing method, mechanical properties, and electrical characteristics.

3104 Aluminum Alloy: It has good formability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, and is typically used in the production of beverage cans, packaging materials, and automotive parts. 3104 mainly consists of aluminum with small amounts of manganese, silicon, and copper. These elements provide it with a balance of good formability, corrosion resistance, and a certain level of strength and hardness.
3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: 3105 alloy generally has a similar base composition to 3104 alloy, but due to its H19 state (cold-work hardened), it offers higher strength and more consistent mechanical properties. The H19 state refers to the alloy reaching its maximum strength after cold working, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and stability.

Element	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Aluminum (Al), %	95.1 to 98.4	96 to 99.5
Chromium (Cr), %	0	0 to 0.2
Copper (Cu), %	0.050 to 0.25	0 to 0.3
Gallium (Ga), %	0 to 0.050	0
Iron (Fe), %	0 to 0.8	0 to 0.7
Magnesium (Mg), %	0.8 to 1.3	0.2 to 0.8
Manganese (Mn), %	0.8 to 1.4	0.3 to 0.8
Silicon (Si), %	0 to 0.6	0 to 0.6
Titanium (Ti), %	0 to 0.1	0 to 0.1
Vanadium (V), %	0 to 0.050	0
Zinc (Zn), %	0 to 0.25	0 to 0.4
Residuals, %	0	0 to 0.15

3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Conductivity

3104 Aluminum Alloy: Electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are relatively low. Although the thermal conductivity of 3104 is sufficient for most packaging applications at room temperature, its heat transfer performance may be slightly insufficient in high-strength applications.
3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: Compared to 3104 alloy, 3105-H19 typically has higher electrical conductivity and slightly improved thermal conductivity. This means it may be more effective in some electrical applications, especially where higher conductivity is required.

3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Formability and Processing Performance

3104 Aluminum Alloy: It has excellent formability, capable of being shaped into complex forms through processes such as deep drawing. Due to its high ductility, 3104 performs excellently in applications requiring extensive forming.
3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: In the H19 state, the formability of 3105 alloy is slightly lower than that of 3104, particularly in high-strength applications. This means that, although it offers higher strength and consistency, it may require more precise process control in deep drawing or complex forming operations.

3104 and 3105-H19 Aluminum Applications

Due to their similar chemical compositions and application scenarios, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are suitable for many of the same industries, especially in the packaging and construction sectors.

Beverage Cans: Particularly in the food and beverage industry, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are common choices. Their excellent corrosion resistance makes them ideal for the manufacture of aluminum cans and containers.
Roofing and Wall Panels: Due to their corrosion resistance, both 3104 and 3105-H19 are used in the construction industry, especially in the manufacture of roofing and wall panels.
Automotive Industry: They are also commonly used in lightweight automotive structural components, such as body panels and structural supports, especially in designs requiring high strength and lightweight properties.

3104 Aluminum Alloy is suitable for applications requiring good formability and lower strength requirements. Its variation in elongation at break and tensile strength makes it suitable for applications where strength requirements are less stringent.

3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy provides higher consistency and stability, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and long-term stable performance. Although its formability is slightly inferior to that of 3104, it has advantages in electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and consistency in mechanical properties.

3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Mechanical Properties

3104 Aluminum Alloy: Although 3104 alloy has good tensile strength and ductility, its mechanical properties may vary between different batches. For example, elongation at break and tensile strength can vary significantly between different casting batches or processing conditions. This may affect its performance consistency in certain high-precision applications.
3105-H19 Aluminum Alloy: Compared to 3104, 3105-H19 has more consistent mechanical properties. Due to the strict cold-working hardening process, 3105-H19 alloy shows less variation in tensile strength, elongation at break, etc., providing more stable and predictable performance. This makes 3105-H19 more suitable for applications requiring high consistency and long-term stable performance.

Property	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Elastic Modulus (Young's, Tensile), x 10^6 psi	10	10
Elongation at Break, %	1.1 to 20	1.1
Fatigue Strength, x 10^3 psi	11 to 18	9.8
Poisson's Ratio	0.33	0.33
Shear Modulus, x 10^6 psi	3.8	3.8
Shear Strength, x 10^3 psi	16 to 25	20
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), x 10^3 psi	25 to 45	35
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), x 10^3 psi	9.9 to 40	31

3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Thermal Properties

Property	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g	400	400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °F	360	360
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °F	1200	1210
Melting Onset (Solidus), °F	1120	1180
Specific Heat Capacity, BTU/lb-°F	0.21	0.21
Thermal Conductivity, BTU/h-ft-°F	91	98
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K	23	24

3104 Aluminum vs. 3105-H19 Aluminum Electrical Properties

Property	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS	41	44
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS	130	140

Other Properties

Property	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Base Metal Price, % relative	9.5	9.5
Density, lb/ft³	170	170
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material	8.4	8.2
Embodied Energy, x 10³ BTU/lb	66	66
Embodied Water, gal/lb	140	140

Common Calculations

Property	3104 Aluminum	3105-H19 Aluminum
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m³	1.6 to 60	2.6
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m³	34 to 540	340
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points	14	14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points	50	50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points	17 to 31	24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points	25 to 37	31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s	64	68
Thermal Shock Resistance, points	7.6 to 13	11

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