Dec. 31, 2024
3004-H18 aluminum is a specific variant of 3004 aluminum, processed to the H18 condition (fully hardened), and its properties are significantly different from other conditions of the base material.
| Property Category | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Condition | Annealed or other softer conditions | H18 condition (fully hardened) |
| Hardness | Medium hardness, suitable for conventional processing | Significantly higher hardness, suitable for high-strength applications |
| Strength | Moderate strength, meets general structural requirements | Higher strength, suitable for applications requiring higher mechanical properties |
| Ductility | High elongation at fracture, suitable for complex forming and processing | Reduced ductility, suitable for simple shapes or applications not requiring complex forming |
| Thermal Properties | Excellent thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and heat resistance | Same as 3004 aluminum, thermal properties remain unchanged |
| Electrical Properties | Moderate electrical conductivity, meets general electrical conduction requirements | Same as 3004 aluminum, no significant difference in electrical properties |
| Workability | Good formability, suitable for deep drawing, stamping, and other complex processing techniques | Work hardening reduces formability, suitable for simple processing |
| Density | Same for both | Same for both |
| Typical Applications | Architectural exterior decoration, container manufacturing, structural parts requiring higher ductility | Packaging can lids, vehicle body panels, structural parts requiring high strength |
There is no significant difference between the two materials in terms of thermal and electrical properties, but 3004-H18 aluminum exhibits higher strength and hardness in mechanical properties, while 3004 aluminum has an advantage in ductility and workability. The material choice should be based on the specific application requirements, balancing material performance.
3004-H18 aluminum achieves a significant increase in hardness and strength through work hardening, but sacrifices some ductility. In contrast, regular 3004 aluminum has a wider performance range, maintaining a better balance between ductility and strength.
The appropriate material should be chosen based on specific application requirements. If strength and rigidity are the focus, 3004-H18 aluminum is recommended; if formability and ductility are more important, regular 3004 aluminum is more suitable.
3004 Aluminum:
More suitable for applications that require higher formability and ductility, such as thin sheet stamping, deep drawing containers, architectural exterior decoration, etc.
3004-H18 Aluminum:
The enhanced strength and hardness make it suitable for fields requiring higher mechanical strength but not complex forming, such as vehicle body panels, packaging can lids, etc.
3004-H18 aluminum shows significant improvement in hardness and strength but a noticeable decrease in ductility. This difference primarily results from the processing method of the H18 condition, which involves full work hardening.
| Property | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Brinell Hardness | 45 - 83 | 80 |
| Elastic Modulus (Young's, x 10⁶ psi) | 10 | 10 |
| Elongation at Break (%) | 1.1 - 19 | 1.1 |
| Fatigue Strength (x 10³ psi) | 7.9 - 17 | 13 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus (x 10⁶ psi) | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Shear Strength (x 10³ psi) | 15 - 25 | 24 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS, x 10³ psi) | 25 - 45 | 43 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (x 10³ psi) | 9.9 - 40 | 36 |
In terms of thermal properties, both materials perform similarly, exhibiting excellent thermal conductivity and stable thermal expansion properties.
Whether it is 3004 aluminum or 3004-H18 aluminum, their thermal properties are the same, making them suitable for applications that require stable thermal conductivity.
| Property | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Latent Heat of Fusion (J/g) | 400 | 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical (°F) | 360 | 360 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus) (°F) | 1210 | 1210 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus) (°F) | 1170 | 1170 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (BTU/lb-°F) | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Thermal Conductivity (BTU/h-ft-°F) | 94 | 94 |
| Thermal Expansion (µm/m-K) | 24 | 24 |
Both materials perform similarly in terms of electrical conductivity and can meet general electrical conductivity requirements.
Regardless of the processing condition, the difference in electrical properties between 3004 aluminum and its H18 condition is minimal, making them suitable for applications where electrical conductivity is not a critical requirement.
| Property | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume (% IACS) | 42 | 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (% IACS) | 140 | 140 |
| Property | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Base Metal Price (% relative) | 9.5 | 9.5 |
| Calomel Potential (mV) | -750 | -750 |
| Density (lb/ft³) | 170 | 170 |
| Embodied Carbon (kg CO₂/kg material) | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Embodied Energy (x 10³ BTU/lb) | 66 | 66 |
| Embodied Water (gal/lb) | 140 | 140 |
| Property | 3004 Aluminum | 3004-H18 Aluminum |
| Resilience: Ultimate (MJ/m³) | 3.2 - 27 | 3.2 |
| Resilience: Unit (kJ/m³) | 33 - 540 | 450 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial (points) | 14 | 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending (points) | 50 | 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial (points) | 18 - 31 | 30 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending (points) | 25 - 37 | 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity (mm²/s) | 65 | 65 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance (points) | 7.6 - 13 | 13 |
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