1100-H14 Aluminum vs. 1100-H18 Aluminum

Dec. 25, 2024

1100-H14 aluminum and 1100-H18 aluminum both belong to the 1100 series of aluminum alloys, with aluminum (Al) as their main component. However, due to different processing treatments, they differ in mechanical properties, ductility, hardness, and other aspects. Both have the same thermal and electrical properties, but their performance in practical applications varies due to the different processing methods.

1100-H14 aluminum is softer, has higher elongation, and lower tensile strength, while 1100-H18 aluminum is harder, with higher tensile strength and yield strength but lower elongation.
1100-H18 aluminum has higher Brinell hardness and fatigue strength, making it more suitable for applications that require higher mechanical strength.

1100-H14 and 1100-H18 Aluminum Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness: 1100-H18 aluminum has a higher Brinell hardness than 1100-H14 aluminum, which means that 1100-H18 aluminum has stronger surface hardness and wear resistance. Materials with higher hardness are better at maintaining their shape and structure under friction or other mechanical forces, making them suitable for applications that require wear resistance and higher strength.
Ductility: 1100-H14 aluminum has higher ductility than 1100-H18 aluminum, allowing it to undergo significant deformation without breaking. This makes 1100-H14 aluminum suitable for applications that require complex forming or large-area stretching, such as deep drawing or casting processes. In contrast, 1100-H18 aluminum has lower ductility, making it more suitable for applications that require higher mechanical strength but do not require large plastic deformation.
Tensile Strength: 1100-H18 aluminum significantly outperforms 1100-H14 aluminum in tensile strength, meaning it can maintain higher strength when subjected to tension or external forces. Materials with higher tensile strength are suitable for structural components that need to bear larger loads, such as frame structures or load-bearing parts.
Yield Strength: 1100-H18 aluminum has a higher yield strength, meaning it will not undergo significant deformation until the stress exceeds a certain threshold. In contrast, 1100-H14 aluminum will undergo plastic deformation earlier than 1100-H18, making it more suitable for applications that require minimal permanent deformation.

Property	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Brinell Hardness	32	44
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus	10 x 10^6 psi	10 x 10^6 psi
Elongation at Break, %	8.2	5.5
Fatigue Strength, x 103 psi	7.2	8.8
Poisson's Ratio	0.33	0.33
Shear Modulus, x 10^6 psi	3.8	3.8
Shear Strength, x 103 psi	11	13
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), x 103 psi	18	24
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), x 103 psi	16	22

1100-H14 and 1100-H18 Aluminum Thermal Properties

In terms of thermal properties, 1100-H14 aluminum and 1100-H18 aluminum perform identically. Both have the same melting point, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion. This means that regardless of the material choice, their thermal management performance, heat conduction, and heat resistance will be the same in high-temperature environments. Therefore, there is no need to consider differences in thermal properties when selecting the material for application.

Property	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g	400	400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °F	360	360
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °F	1210	1210
Melting Onset (Solidus), °F	1190	1190
Specific Heat Capacity, BTU/lb-°F	0.22	0.22
Thermal Conductivity, BTU/h-ft-°F	130	130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K	24	24

1100-H14 and 1100-H18 Aluminum Electrical Properties

There is no difference in electrical properties between 1100-H14 aluminum and 1100-H18 aluminum. Both have the same electrical conductivity, which means they perform the same in electrical applications. Therefore, whether used in electrical conductors, contacts, or other electrical components, both aluminum alloys provide the same electrical conductivity performance.

Property	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS	59	59
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS	190	190

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Property	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Base Metal Price, % relative	9.0	9.0
Calomel Potential, mV	-740	-740
Density, lb/ft3	170	170
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material	8.2	8.2
Embodied Energy, x 103 BTU/lb	66	66
Embodied Water, gal/lb	140	140

Common Calculations

Property	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3	9.8	9.0
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3	87	170
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points	14	14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points	50	50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points	13	17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points	21	25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s	90	90
Thermal Shock Resistance, points	5.5	7.4

1100-H14 and 1100-H18 Aluminum Alloy Composition

Element	1100-H14 Aluminum	1100-H18 Aluminum
Aluminum (Al), %	99 to 99.95	99 to 99.95
Copper (Cu), %	0.050 to 0.2	0.050 to 0.2
Iron (Fe), %	0 to 1.0	0 to 1.0
Manganese (Mn), %	0 to 0.050	0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), %	0 to 1.0	0 to 1.0
Zinc (Zn), %	0 to 0.1	0 to 0.1
Residuals, %	0	0 to 0.15

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