1100-H12 Aluminum vs. 1100-H14 Aluminum

Dec. 25, 2024

Compared to 1100-H12, 1100-H14 aluminum typically has higher strength, slightly improved fatigue strength, and shear strength, while both alloys share similar thermal and electrical properties.

1100-H12 aluminum and 1100-H14 aluminum are different variants of aluminum alloys, both having the same chemical composition, primarily consisting of high-purity aluminum (usually 99% to 99.95% aluminum). However, the two alloys differ in their mechanical properties and processing characteristics, which primarily result from their processing methods.
1100-H12 aluminum has better ductility, making it more suitable for applications requiring greater deformation or forming, but its strength is lower, making it suitable for situations where strength is not a major requirement.

1100-H14 aluminum, on the other hand, undergoes a higher degree of cold working hardening, which results in higher strength and hardness, making it suitable for structural applications that require higher strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

The choice between the two should depend on the specific requirements of the application: if good formability and lower strength are needed, 1100-H12 aluminum is the better choice; if higher strength and durability are required, 1100-H14 aluminum will be more appropriate.

1100-H12 Aluminum vs. 1100-H14 Aluminum Processing and Performance Differences

1100-H12 aluminum: This is an aluminum alloy that has undergone light cold working hardening (cold working strengthening), which typically results in lower hardness and strength but higher ductility. Due to the lighter cold working hardening, 1100-H12 aluminum exhibits superior formability and can deform under moderate pressure, making it suitable for applications that require medium strength and good ductility.
1100-H14 aluminum: Also subjected to cold working hardening, but to a greater degree than 1100-H12. As a result, 1100-H14 aluminum has higher strength and hardness compared to 1100-H12, but its ductility is relatively lower. 1100-H14 aluminum is suitable for applications that require higher strength, but its formability is limited, which restricts its use in some areas that require high plasticity.

1100-H12 and 1100-H14 Aluminum Applications

1100-H12 aluminum: Due to its good formability and moderate strength, 1100-H12 aluminum is commonly used to manufacture products that do not require high strength but need good formability, such as:

Food and beverage containers
Kitchen utensils
Thin-walled tubing
Chemical and food processing equipment
Decorative aluminum materials

1100-H14 aluminum: Due to its higher strength and hardness, 1100-H14 aluminum is suitable for applications that require stronger mechanical properties. It is commonly used in:

Pressure vessels
Heat exchangers
Aerospace components
Automotive parts
Industrial equipment
Environments requiring high wear resistance and corrosion resistance

1100-H12 and 1100-H14 Aluminum Mechanical Properties

1100-H14 aluminum outperforms 1100-H12 aluminum in most mechanical properties (such as Brinell hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength, and shear strength). Specifically, 1100-H14 has higher yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, making it more suitable for applications that require higher strength.

Property	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Brinell Hardness	28	32
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, x 10⁶ psi	10	10
Elongation at Break, %	11	8.2
Fatigue Strength, x 10³ psi	5.8	7.2
Poisson's Ratio	0.33	0.33
Shear Modulus, x 10⁶ psi	3.8	3.8
Shear Strength, x 10³ psi	10	11
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), x 10³ psi	16	18
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), x 10³ psi	13	16

1100 H12 and 1100-H14 Aluminum Thermal Properties

In terms of thermal and electrical properties, there is almost no significant difference between 1100-H12 aluminum and 1100-H14 aluminum. Their thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, coefficient of expansion, etc., are very similar, and their electrical conductivity remains consistent as well. This means that both alloys perform almost identically in thermal and electrical applications.

Property	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g	400	400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °F	360	360
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °F	1210	1210
Melting Onset (Solidus), °F	1190	1190
Specific Heat Capacity, BTU/lb-°F	0.22	0.22
Thermal Conductivity, BTU/h-ft-°F	130	130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K	24	24

1100-H12 and 1100-H14 Aluminum Electrical Properties

Property	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS	59	59
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS	190	190

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Property	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Base Metal Price, % relative	9.0	9.0
Calomel Potential, mV	-740	-740
Density, lb/ft³	170	170
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material	8.2	8.2
Embodied Energy, x 10³ BTU/lb	66	66
Embodied Water, gal/lb	140	140

Common Calculations

Property	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m³	12	9.8
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m³	62	87
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points	14	14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points	50	50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points	11	13
Strength to Weight: Bending, points	19	21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s	90	90
Thermal Shock Resistance, points	4.8	5.5

1100-H12 and 1100-H14 Aluminum Alloy Composition

Element	1100-H12 Aluminum	1100-H14 Aluminum
Aluminum (Al), %	99 to 99.95	99 to 99.95
Copper (Cu), %	0.050 to 0.2	0.050 to 0.2
Iron (Fe), %	0 to 1.0	0 to 1.0
Manganese (Mn), %	0 to 0.050	0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), %	0 to 1.0	0 to 1.0
Zinc (Zn), %	0 to 0.1	0 to 0.1
Residuals, %	0	0 to 0.15

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